In addition, deviations in voltage fade and capacity fade (the latter being larger for the SG material) could also be correlated with the different particle morphology obtained for both materials. The solution-gel (SG) synthesized material shows a Ni-enriched spinel-type surface layer at the facets, which, based on our post-mortem high-angle annual dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy and selected-area electron diffraction analysis, could partly explain the retarded voltage fade compared to the co-precipitation (CP) synthesized material. In this manuscript we comparatively assessed the morphology and nanostructure of LMR-NMC (Li 1.2Ni 0.13Mn 0.54Co 0.13O 2) prepared via an environmentally friendly aqueous solution-gel and co-precipitation route, respectively. By selecting an adequate synthesis strategy, the particle morphology and structure can be controlled, as such steering the electrochemical properties. Capacity and voltage fade are strongly correlated with the particle morphology and nano- and microstructure of LMR-NMCs. However, these materials are prone to severe capacity and voltage fade, which deteriorates the electrochemical performance. Lithium- and manganese-rich nickel manganese cobalt oxide (LMR-NMC) cathode materials for Li-ion batteries are extensively investigated due to their high specific discharge capacities (>280 mAh/g). A key performance-limiting factor of lithium-ion batteries is the active material of the positive electrode (cathode). Nowadays lithium-ion battery technology remains the most prominent technology for rechargeable batteries. Electrochemical energy storage plays a vital role in combating global climate change.
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