![]() Regardless of how the expert was retained or appointed, experts in psychology should testify in a manner consistent with the American Psychological Association’s Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct, as well as the Specialty Guidelines for Forensic Psychology. Judges may also independently appoint an expert, though this occurs far less often. Expert witnesses can be retained by either side in adversarial proceedings, but judges-following legal rules of evidence-make the final decision as to whether the expert is admitted to testify. Furthermore, this field of forensic psychology has generated much of the research addressing expert testimony, and that research is potentially instructive to expert witnesses from any discipline. Of course, the broad discipline of forensic psychology-that is, psychology applied to legal matters-most often features experts providing input to the legal system. Experts from any subfield of psychology (e.g., developmental, cognitive, social, or industrial-organizational psychology) may testify when their input is relevant. ![]() These experts can come from virtually any discipline, because virtually any subject matter can become a focus of litigation. ![]() ![]() The legal system routinely relies on experts to help shed light on scientific or technical matters that are usually beyond the knowledge of the judges and attorneys involved, or the layperson jurors who render verdicts in many cases. ![]()
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